The federal question accompanies the European construction since its inception. The intergovernmental-federal debate was very present in the pioneering Hague Congress of 1948 and was reflected in its timeless resolutions.

The “end of the tunnel” at the end of a decade of economic crisis and the “cold shower” after the Brexit enthusiasm have slightly mitigated the desire of exiting the Eurozone and deconstructing the European Union. However, the example of Italy reveals that a profound diffidence is lying in wait, ready to put wind into anti-European sails.

Much of the history of Berlin relates to the city’s darker past. This is particularly true of the Berliner Mauer, or the Berlin Wall. We have now reached the point where the time since the fall of the Berlin Wall is greater than the time it actually existed. But there is a widespread effort to make sure it is not forgotten.

Herostratus, a modest shepherd from Ephesus (Turkey), went down in history for the single remarkable action he performed during his life: setting on fire the temple of Artemis, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world. It had taken one hundred and twenty years and required the vital effort of various generations to build the temple.

On 10 September 2018, US National Security Advisor, John Bolton, speaking at a meeting of the right-wing Federalist Society in Washington DC, publicly denounced the International Criminal Court (ICC).

The 5^th of February was the 75^th anniversary of the death of Leone Ginzburg, tortured to death by the Nazis in Rome.  On the wall of the building that hosted the clandestine typography in which Ginzburg was captured, there is a plaque to remember him: